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Second-harmonic generation in disordered quadratic media: role of a ferroelectric domain structure

机译:无序二次介质中的二次谐波产生:铁电畴结构的作用

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摘要

Naturally grown ferroelectric crystals such as Strontium Barium Niobate (SBN) often exhibit an irregular multidomain structure with rod-like domains [1]. These disordered nonlinear quadratic crystals have attracted a considerable attention in recent years due to their potential benefits for nonlinear parametric processes [2]. Despite being usually considered as disadvantageous in typical nonlinear optical phenomena due to the low efficiency of the NL process, the randomness of the nonlinear media offers potential applications in broadband frequency generation [3] and ultra-short pulse monitoring [4]. These applications utilize the fact that the crystal with disordered anti-parallel domains forms, in fact, a two-dimensional photonic nonlinear structure with an infinite number of ¿2 reciprocal vectors corresponding to various local nonlinear gratings. Consequently, such structure enables phase matching of various parametric processes at the same time, over an ultra-broad spectral range and in different spatial directions [5]. Fig. 1 represents a schematic illustration of such type of random crystal placed in a typical experimental set-up where the fundamental beam shines the crystal and the SH spatial distribution is recorded. In Fig. 1b a numerically generated random distribution of up and down ferroelectric domains is represented by bright and dark colors, respectively. However, recent experiments with random domain SBN crystals also demonstrated that the emission pattern of the generated waves may differ drastically from sample to sample, going from a spatially homogeneous pattern to exhibiting distinct intensity peaks [3][4][5][6][7][8]. This behavior points towards the existence of significant differences in the actual distributions of ferroelectric domains in different samples. In fact, observations of random domains ranging from tens of nanometers to few microns have been reported in the literature [1].
机译:天然生长的铁电晶体(如铌酸锶钡(SBN))通常表现出不规则的多畴结构,具有杆状畴[1]。这些无序的非线性二次晶体由于其对非线性参数化过程的潜在好处,近年来引起了相当大的关注[2]。尽管由于NL处理效率低而通常被认为在典型的非线性光学现象中是不利的,但是非线性介质的随机性在宽带频率生成[3]和超短脉冲监测[4]中提供了潜在的应用。这些应用利用了一个事实,即具有无序反平行畴的晶体实际上形成了一个二维光子非线性结构,具有无限多个对应于各种局部非线性光栅的2个倒数矢量。因此,这种结构使得能够同时在超宽光谱范围和不同空间方向上对各种参数过程进行相位匹配[5]。图1表示这种类型的随机晶体的示意图,该晶体放置在典型的实验装置中,其中基本光束照亮晶体,并记录SH空间分布。在图1b中,由上和下铁电畴数值生成的随机分布分别由亮色和暗色表示。但是,最近使用随机域SBN晶体进行的实验也表明,所产生的波的发射模式可能因样品而异,从空间均匀模式变为呈现出不同的强度峰[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]。这种现象表明在不同样品中铁电畴的实际分布存在显着差异。实际上,在文献中已经报道了观察范围从几十纳米到几微米的随机域[1]。

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